{"id":2774,"date":"2019-03-20T14:50:45","date_gmt":"2019-03-20T11:50:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/belediyeis.org.tr\/merkez\/?p=2774"},"modified":"2022-04-07T14:52:47","modified_gmt":"2022-04-07T11:52:47","slug":"basindan-cumhuriyet-gazetesi-4-milyon-300-bin-kisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/belediyeis.org.tr\/merkez\/2019\/03\/20\/basindan-cumhuriyet-gazetesi-4-milyon-300-bin-kisi\/","title":{"rendered":"Bas\u0131ndan &#8211; Cumhuriyet Gazetesi &#8211; 4 milyon 300 bin ki\u015fi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Erin\u00e7 Yeldan\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span class=\"large\">4 milyon 300 bin ki\u015fi \u201c<em>a\u00e7\u0131k<\/em>\u201d i\u015fsiz&#8230;<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<span class=\"large\">Dikkat ediniz, genel ge\u00e7er bir ifadeyle i\u015fi olmayan insanlardan bahsetmiyoruz. S\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fimiz rakam,\u00a0<em>a\u00e7\u0131k<\/em>\u00a0i\u015fsizler ordusunu ifade ediyor. T\u00fcrkiye \u0130statistik Kurumu\u2019nun (T\u00dc\u0130K) teknik ifadesiyle, a\u00e7\u0131k i\u015fsiz olarak say\u0131lman\u0131n ko\u015fullar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralan\u0131yor:<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"large\">(1) S\u00f6z\u00fc ge\u00e7en d\u00f6nemde (kas\u0131m, aral\u0131k, ocak ay\u0131 ortalamas\u0131) k\u00e2r kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, yevmiyeli, \u00fccretli ya da \u00fccretsiz olarak hi\u00e7bir i\u015fte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131\u015f;<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"large\">(2) \u0130\u015f aramak i\u00e7in son 4 hafta i\u00e7inde i\u015f arama kanallar\u0131ndan en az birini kullanm\u0131\u015f ve<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"large\">(3) 2 hafta i\u00e7inde i\u015fba\u015f\u0131 yapabilecek durumda olan 15 ve daha yukar\u0131 ya\u015fta olanlar<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"large\">i\u015fsiz n\u00fcfusa dahildirler.<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"large\">Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, T\u00dc\u0130K istatistiklerinde \u201c<em>i\u015fsiz<\/em>\u201d say\u0131labilmek i\u00e7in\u00a0<em>aktif olarak i\u015f ar\u0131yor<\/em>\u00a0<em>olma<\/em>k ve\u00a0<em>k\u0131sa s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde de i\u015fba\u015f\u0131<\/em>\u00a0<em>yapmaya haz\u0131r olmak\u00a0<\/em>gerekmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bu rakam kas\u0131m, aral\u0131k, ocak aylar\u0131nda ortalama 4 milyon 300 bin ki\u015fidir. Bu rakam 2017\u2019nin e\u015f d\u00f6neminde 3 milyon 291 bin ki\u015fi idi. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla son bir y\u0131lda \u201c<em>a\u00e7\u0131k<\/em>\u201d i\u015fsizlerin say\u0131s\u0131 1 milyon 11 bin ki\u015fi art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"large\">Hemen belirtelim ki bu rakama, gene T\u00dc\u0130K tan\u0131m\u0131yla, \u201c<em>i\u015f aramay\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya<\/em>\u00a0<em>haz\u0131r olanlar<\/em>\u201d dahil de\u011fildir. Bu grubu T\u00dc\u0130K, \u201c<em>\u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerle bir i\u015f aramayan,<\/em>\u00a0<em>ancak 2 hafta i\u00e7inde i\u015fba\u015f\u0131 yapmaya<\/em>\u00a0<em>haz\u0131r oldu\u011funu belirten ki\u015filer<\/em>\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlamaktad\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 bu grubu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya haz\u0131r olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, i\u015f bulma umudunu kaybetmi\u015f oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in i\u015f aramaktan vazge\u00e7en kesim olarak tan\u0131mlamaktad\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131k i\u015fsizler rakam\u0131na bu t\u00fcr \u201c<em>umudunu kaybedenler<\/em>\u201d de ilave edildi\u011finde \u201c<em>geni\u015f tan\u0131ml\u0131 i\u015fsizlik<\/em>\u201d kavram\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. T\u00dc\u0130K verilerine g\u00f6re bu rakam 7 milyon 153 bine \u00e7\u0131kmakta ve geni\u015f tan\u0131ml\u0131 i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 da y\u00fczde 20\u2019ye f\u0131rlamaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"gpt_unit_\/11357266\/haberdetay-haberici-kare1_0\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-google-query-id=\"CJ_U25bxgfcCFZSx3godnKYItA\">\n<div id=\"google_ads_iframe_\/11357266\/haberdetay-haberici-kare1_0__container__\"><strong>\u0130stihdam\u0131n g\u00fcvencesiz<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>niteli\u011fi<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"large\">Konunun bir de istihdam edilenler boyutu var ku\u015fkusuz. 2018\u2019de toplam istihdam 2017\u2019ye g\u00f6rece 633 bin ki\u015fi azalm\u0131\u015f durumda. Son bir y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde istihdam kay\u0131plar\u0131 tar\u0131mda 375 bin, sanayide 40 bin, in\u015faatta 442 bin ki\u015fi olarak hesaplan\u0131yor. Hizmet sekt\u00f6rleri ise 224 ki\u015filik bir istihdam art\u0131\u015f\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f. \u201c<em>Hangi<\/em>\u00a0<em>t\u00fcr hizmetler<\/em>\u201d ve \u201c<em>hangi ko\u015fullarda<\/em>\u201d sorular\u0131na ancak dolayl\u0131 yan\u0131tlar bulabiliyoruz. T\u00dc\u0130K verileri 2018\u2019de \u201c<em>kendi hesab\u0131na<\/em>\u00a0<em>ve \u00fccretsiz aile i\u015f\u00e7isi<\/em>\u201d bi\u00e7iminde \u201c<em>istihdam<\/em>\u00a0<em>edilenleri<\/em>\u201d 7 milyon 375 bin ki\u015fi olarak tahmin etmekte. Bu rakama herhangi bir sosyal g\u00fcvencesi olmadan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u201c<em>kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/em>\u201d emek\u00e7ileri de ilave etti\u011fimizde ILO\u2019nun\u00a0<em>g\u00fcvencesiz istihdam\u00a0<\/em>(<em>vulnerable<\/em>\u00a0<em>employment<\/em>) kavram\u0131na ula\u015f\u0131yoruz. 2018 i\u00e7in g\u00fcvencesiz istihdam toplam\u0131 9 milyon 236 bin ki\u015fi olarak verilmi\u015f; \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan n\u00fcfusun \u00fc\u00e7te birine ula\u015f\u0131yor.<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"large\">Kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 \/ g\u00fcvencesiz istihdam oran\u0131 kad\u0131nlarda y\u00fczde 40.3\u2019e de\u011fin \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. Tar\u0131m-d\u0131\u015f\u0131 sekt\u00f6rlerde \u201c<em>\u00fccretsiz aile i\u015f\u00e7isi<\/em>\u201d olarak \u201c<em>istihdam<\/em>\u201d edilen kad\u0131nlarda kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131k oran\u0131 ise y\u00fczde 70.2!<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"large\">S\u00f6z konusu kad\u0131n eme\u011fi oldu\u011funda, \u201c<em>e\u011fitimli olmak<\/em>\u201d \u00e7ok avantaj sa\u011fl\u0131yor g\u00f6z\u00fckmemekte. \u00d6rne\u011fin lise mezunu kad\u0131nlarda i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 22.3; kad\u0131n \u00fcniversite mezunlar\u0131nda ise y\u00fczde 18 (ayn\u0131 oranlar erkeklerde, s\u0131ras\u0131yla, y\u00fczde 12.1 ve 10.4).<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"large\">Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda bir de \u0130\u015eKUR taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen ge\u00e7ici istihdam bi\u00e7imleri var.\u00a0<em>Toplum Yarar\u0131na \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Program\u0131<\/em>\u00a0bunlardan en \u00f6nemlisi. TY\u00c7P 31 Aral\u0131k 2008\u2019de y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmi\u015f ve \u201c<em>bir y\u0131l<\/em>\u00a0<em>i\u00e7erisinde dokuz ay\u0131 ge\u00e7memek \u00fczere, istihdam\u0131n<\/em>\u00a0<em>korunmas\u0131, artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131, i\u015fsizlerin<\/em>\u00a0<em>meslek niteliklerinin geli\u015ftirilmesi ile i\u015fsizli\u011fin<\/em>\u00a0<em>azalt\u0131lmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak<\/em>\u201d amac\u0131yla geli\u015ftirilmi\u015f idi. Programa kat\u0131lanlar dokuz ay boyunca \u201c<em>kurs<\/em>\u201d g\u00f6rmekte (ger\u00e7ekte \u00e7o\u011funlukla kursa yaz\u0131lmaktan ibaret kalmakta) ve asgari \u00fccret \u00fczerinden \u00fccretleri, vergileri ve sigorta primleri \u201c<em>\u0130\u015fsizlik<\/em>\u00a0<em>Sigorta Fonundan<\/em>\u201d kar\u015f\u0131lanmaktad\u0131r. Asl\u0131nda \u00f6z\u00fc itibar\u0131yla bir ba\u015fla g\u00fcvencesiz olan bu yapay ve ge\u00e7ici istihdam bi\u00e7imi, i\u015fsizlik rakamlar\u0131n\u0131 da a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya \u00e7ekmek i\u00e7in bir politika arac\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"large\">\u0130\u015eKUR kay\u0131tlar\u0131na g\u00f6re TY\u00c7P dahilinde \u201c<em>istihdam<\/em>\u201d edilenler 2018\u2019de 355 bin 482 ki\u015fidir. 2017\u2019de bu t\u00fcr toplam kursiyeristihdam\u0131 266 bin 924 ki\u015fi idi. Bu rakamlar\u0131 yukar\u0131da belirtti\u011fimiz g\u00fcvencesiz istihdam rakamlar\u0131na eklersek kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131k oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 35\u2019e \u00e7\u0131kmakta; e\u011fer bunlar\u0131 ger\u00e7ek istihdam kabul etmeyip, i\u015fsizler saf\u0131na ekledi\u011fimizde de a\u00e7\u0131k i\u015fsizlik oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 14.6\u2019ya y\u00fckselmektedir.<\/span><br \/>\n<span class=\"large\">Bir yanda i\u015fsizlik, di\u011fer yanda ise istihdam\u0131n \u201c<em>g\u00fcvencesiz<\/em>\u201d niteli\u011fi T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de derinle\u015fmekte olan krizin yap\u0131sal \u00f6\u011felerini olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Erin\u00e7 Yeldan\u00a0 4 milyon 300 bin ki\u015fi \u201ca\u00e7\u0131k\u201d i\u015fsiz&#8230; Dikkat ediniz, genel ge\u00e7er bir ifadeyle i\u015fi olmayan insanlardan bahsetmiyoruz. S\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc etti\u011fimiz rakam,\u00a0a\u00e7\u0131k\u00a0i\u015fsizler ordusunu ifade ediyor. T\u00fcrkiye \u0130statistik Kurumu\u2019nun (T\u00dc\u0130K) teknik ifadesiyle, a\u00e7\u0131k i\u015fsiz olarak say\u0131lman\u0131n ko\u015fullar\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ralan\u0131yor: (1) S\u00f6z\u00fc ge\u00e7en d\u00f6nemde (kas\u0131m, aral\u0131k, ocak ay\u0131 ortalamas\u0131) k\u00e2r kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, yevmiyeli, \u00fccretli ya da \u00fccretsiz olarak [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2341,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"template":"1","single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"right-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"1","share_position":"top","share_float_style":"share-monocrhome","show_share_counter":"1","show_view_counter":"1","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author":"1","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"1","show_post_reading_time":"0","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","show_zoom_button":"0","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"1","show_popup_post":"1","number_popup_post":"1","show_author_box":"0","show_post_related":"0","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"crop-500","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-500"}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post":"0","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","sponsored_post_name":"","sponsored_post_url":"","sponsored_post_logo_enable":"0","sponsored_post_logo":"","sponsored_post_desc":"","disable_ad":"0"},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":""},"jnews_social_meta":{"fb_title":"","fb_description":"","fb_image":"","twitter_title":"","twitter_description":"","twitter_image":""},"jnews_override_counter":{"override_view_counter":"0","view_counter_number":"0","override_share_counter":"0","share_counter_number":"0","override_like_counter":"0","like_counter_number":"0","override_dislike_counter":"0","dislike_counter_number":"0"},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[158,257,184],"class_list":["post-2774","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-genel","tag-basindan","tag-erinc-yeldan","tag-issizlik"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/belediyeis.org.tr\/merkez\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2774","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/belediyeis.org.tr\/merkez\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/belediyeis.org.tr\/merkez\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/belediyeis.org.tr\/merkez\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/belediyeis.org.tr\/merkez\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2774"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/belediyeis.org.tr\/merkez\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2774\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2775,"href":"https:\/\/belediyeis.org.tr\/merkez\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2774\/revisions\/2775"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/belediyeis.org.tr\/merkez\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2341"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/belediyeis.org.tr\/merkez\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2774"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/belediyeis.org.tr\/merkez\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2774"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/belediyeis.org.tr\/merkez\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2774"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}